● REFRACTION
⚡ CRITICAL ANGLE
C = 41.8°
r = 90° — refracted ray grazes the interface
Controls MANUAL + SLIDER
Angle of incidence, i
°
Exact value or slider.
Refractive index, μ₁
Refractive index, μ₂
You can type exact values below, use the sliders, or run the animation.
Playback
Sweep speed
Incident
35.0°
Refracted
58.2°
μ₁ / μ₂
1.50
State
REFRACT
Total Internal Reflection
For μ₁ > μ₂ and i > C, the ray reflects completely into medium 1.
For μ₁ > μ₂ and i > C, the ray reflects completely into medium 1.
Critical angle
C = sin⁻¹(μ₂ / μ₁)
41.8°
For μ₁ > μ₂, i > C gives TIR.
Incident
Refracted
Reflected
Normal